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Zhong Kui in Art: Masterpieces from Song to Modern Era

Journey through centuries of artistic interpretation, from Song dynasty handscrolls to contemporary works, with details of each painting and where it is held

Yuan dynasty (by a Song loyalist)
Early Yuan

Zhongshan Going on Excursion 中山出遊图

1222–1307

This handscroll shows Zhong Kui and his sister riding in sedan chairs, followed by a retinue of demon servants who carry his sword, bundles of household goods, pots of wine and smaller demons they have captured. Gong Kai was a Song loyalist who refused to serve the Mongol Yuan government, and scholars read the humorous scroll as a veiled wish to rid the country of harmful forces. The Freer Gallery dates it to the late 13th–early 14th century, and it is among the earliest surviving Zhong Kui paintings.

More paintings by this artist

Technique

Ink on paper

Dimensions

32.8 x 169.5 cm

Ming Dynasty
Early Ming

Zhong Kui Traveling at Night 钟馗夜游图轴

This masterpiece depicts Zhong Kui being carried by a group of little demons as he patrols on a snowy night. The surrounding rocks are covered in snow, the vegetation is bleak, and a chill pervades the scene. In traditional Chinese painting, deities and ghosts are a distinct genre, different from the vivid realism of figures and animals. The images of spirits and demons come from imagination, and the painter gives these non-existent beings a believable form. This painting uses the 'nail-head and mouse-tail' brushwork, with strong, forceful lines. The demons have ferocious and sly faces, while Zhong Kui's gaze is sharp and dignified, exuding an aura of authority. The background is rendered in light ink to highlight the night and the snow-laden rocks.

Technique

Ink and color on silk

Dimensions

190 × 120.4 cm

Zhong Kui Portrait 钟馗像轴
Qing Dynasty
Mid Qing

Zhong Kui Portrait 钟馗像轴

1736–1799

This hanging scroll by Fang Xun depicts a classic image of Zhong Kui: bristling beard and hair, a striking and extraordinary appearance, and wide-open eyes gazing in surprise at the wine cup offered by a little demon in front of him. The style and brushwork show some influence from Chen Hongshou.

Technique

Ink and color on paper

Dimensions

69.5 x 44.1 cm

Collection

Shanghai Museum

Zhong Kui as a Scholar 终南进士像
Qing Dynasty
Late Qing

Zhong Kui as a Scholar 终南进士像

This work uses outline, shading, and freehand brushwork to depict Zhong Kui as a scholar scolding a little demon, with vivid expressions and dynamic composition. The painting conveys a sense of righteousness and effectively wards off evil.

More paintings by this artist
Zhong Kui Figure 钟馗图
Modern Era
20th Century

Zhong Kui Figure 钟馗图

Reportedly painted by Xu Beihong at the 1938 Dragon Boat Festival in Chongqing, this work shows Zhong Kui in official robes and black boots, sword at his waist, looking back over his shoulder. Xu Beihong's Zhong Kui is upright and dignified, less grotesque than traditional depictions, and often accompanied by little demons. By blending Western sketching with Chinese techniques, Xu made Zhong Kui more realistic and humane. Here, a small demon with a fruit tray and wine pot contrasts with Zhong Kui’s resolute figure.

More paintings by this artist

Technique

Ink and color on paper

Dimensions

101 x 62 cm

Zhong Kui Sending Pig 钟馗送猪福图
Contemporary
21th Century

Zhong Kui Sending Pig 钟馗送猪福图

Lin Yueping cleverly combines the upright and unyielding Zhong Kui from traditional mythology with zodiac elements. The dignified Taoist deity appears together with an adorable pink pig, creating a sense of approachability. The festive atmosphere of the Spring Festival is vividly expressed, and viewers can't help but marvel at this playful take on Zhong Kui's demon-slaying story, which, after thousands of years, finally has a 'behind-the-scenes' version, making the character feel even more endearing and lovable.

Artistic Evolution Through Time

From the lost Tang portrait attributed to Wu Daozi to contemporary painters, Zhong Kui's artistic legacy continues to inspire and evolve. Read how the first image came about in Wu Daozi and the classical image of Zhong Kui.

Classical Period

From Song loyalist Gong Kai to the Ming and Qing masters, the iconic visual language took shape

Modern Transition

Twentieth-century artists such as Xu Beihong blended ink tradition with Western-influenced realism

Today

Contemporary painters and designers keep finding new moods for the demon queller

Explore Our Complete Gallery

Browse the full archive of Zhong Kui paintings, from Song dynasty scrolls to contemporary masters, and open each artist's collection.

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