Zhong Kui in Art: Masterpieces from Song to Modern Era
Journey through centuries of artistic interpretation, from Song dynasty handscrolls to contemporary works, with details of each painting and where it is held
This handscroll shows Zhong Kui and his sister riding in sedan chairs, followed by a retinue of demon servants who carry his sword, bundles of household goods, pots of wine and smaller demons they have captured. Gong Kai was a Song loyalist who refused to serve the Mongol Yuan government, and scholars read the humorous scroll as a veiled wish to rid the country of harmful forces. The Freer Gallery dates it to the late 13th–early 14th century, and it is among the earliest surviving Zhong Kui paintings.
More paintings by this artistTechnique
Ink on paper
Dimensions
32.8 x 169.5 cm
This masterpiece depicts Zhong Kui being carried by a group of little demons as he patrols on a snowy night. The surrounding rocks are covered in snow, the vegetation is bleak, and a chill pervades the scene. In traditional Chinese painting, deities and ghosts are a distinct genre, different from the vivid realism of figures and animals. The images of spirits and demons come from imagination, and the painter gives these non-existent beings a believable form. This painting uses the 'nail-head and mouse-tail' brushwork, with strong, forceful lines. The demons have ferocious and sly faces, while Zhong Kui's gaze is sharp and dignified, exuding an aura of authority. The background is rendered in light ink to highlight the night and the snow-laden rocks.

This hanging scroll by Fang Xun depicts a classic image of Zhong Kui: bristling beard and hair, a striking and extraordinary appearance, and wide-open eyes gazing in surprise at the wine cup offered by a little demon in front of him. The style and brushwork show some influence from Chen Hongshou.

This work uses outline, shading, and freehand brushwork to depict Zhong Kui as a scholar scolding a little demon, with vivid expressions and dynamic composition. The painting conveys a sense of righteousness and effectively wards off evil.
More paintings by this artist
Reportedly painted by Xu Beihong at the 1938 Dragon Boat Festival in Chongqing, this work shows Zhong Kui in official robes and black boots, sword at his waist, looking back over his shoulder. Xu Beihong's Zhong Kui is upright and dignified, less grotesque than traditional depictions, and often accompanied by little demons. By blending Western sketching with Chinese techniques, Xu made Zhong Kui more realistic and humane. Here, a small demon with a fruit tray and wine pot contrasts with Zhong Kui’s resolute figure.
More paintings by this artistTechnique
Ink and color on paper
Dimensions
101 x 62 cm

Lin Yueping cleverly combines the upright and unyielding Zhong Kui from traditional mythology with zodiac elements. The dignified Taoist deity appears together with an adorable pink pig, creating a sense of approachability. The festive atmosphere of the Spring Festival is vividly expressed, and viewers can't help but marvel at this playful take on Zhong Kui's demon-slaying story, which, after thousands of years, finally has a 'behind-the-scenes' version, making the character feel even more endearing and lovable.
Artistic Evolution Through Time
From the lost Tang portrait attributed to Wu Daozi to contemporary painters, Zhong Kui's artistic legacy continues to inspire and evolve. Read how the first image came about in Wu Daozi and the classical image of Zhong Kui.
Classical Period
From Song loyalist Gong Kai to the Ming and Qing masters, the iconic visual language took shape
Modern Transition
Twentieth-century artists such as Xu Beihong blended ink tradition with Western-influenced realism
Today
Contemporary painters and designers keep finding new moods for the demon queller
Explore Our Complete Gallery
Browse the full archive of Zhong Kui paintings, from Song dynasty scrolls to contemporary masters, and open each artist's collection.

